Standing as modern-day reminders of a time when defence, power, and status were paramount, it’s no wonder why castles are a popular worldwide attraction. But why were castles built, and what role did they play in shaping the world as we know it?
At Alnwick Castle, we’re proud to have one of the most famous medieval castles in England — nestled in the heart of Alnwick in Northumberland. We know a thing or two about these gorgeous structures, so let’s take a closer look at their history and origins.
What is a castle?
Something pretty to look at? Yes. But they’re also much more than an aesthetic sight. At their core, castles were fortified structures built primarily for protection.
Over time, castles evolved from simple wooden structures into the grand stone fortresses we recognise today. These fortresses acted as military strongholds, as well as a striking symbol of power, prestige, and control for the families of nobility that inhabited them.
Where did castles come from? The history of castles in England
Let’s go back to the Norman Conquest in 1066 — when William the Conqueror introduced the concept of castles to establish control over newly conquered land.
Early castles were known as motte-and-bailey castles due to their wooden keep on a raised earthwork (the motte) and an enclosed courtyard (the bailey). Motte-and-bailey castles became popular as they were quick to build and provided a great means of protection.
As time passed, the motte and bailey design evolved into the more complex stone castles we associate with the medieval period. Just like you’ll see at Alnwick Castle, medieval castles were characterised by thicker walls, towers, and gatehouses for better and longer lasting defence.
Who lived in medieval castles?
Medieval castles typically served as residences for royalty, nobility, and other high-ranking individuals in the area — usually built in case they needed to defend themselves against potential invasions and rebellions.
The residents of castles were typically the lord and his family, along with any household staff and soldiers. The lord was responsible for managing the land and protecting the people living within the castle's territory.
Did you know Alnwick Castle has been home to the Percy Family for over 700 years? Learn more about the Percy Family and their connections to Alnwick Castle. If you’re more of a castle facts and figures person, take a glance at our handy fact sheet which includes everything you need to know about Alnwick Castle’s key milestones.
What were castles used for, and why were they built?
When castles weren’t being used as a first line of defence, they also acted as administrative centres where the lord would oversee the management of the land and its inhabitants. As places of protection, castles also acted as a refuge for locals during turbulent times of war or unrest.
Also, castles like Alnwick Castle played an important role in the local economy, acting as hubs of trade and commerce. The castle's grand presence attracted merchants from all walks of life, contributing to the growth and development of the area.
Explore more about the history of Alnwick Castle by booking your tickets to visit the castle, finding out more about it’s collection and archive, as well as getting a taste for Alnwick Castle’s medieval history in our artisans courtyard with medieval crafts, tours and talks to immerse yourself in as you step into the past.
Alnwick Castle in the modern day
Skipping forward to the present day, Alnwick Castle has become somewhat of a cultural icon. The castle’s grand setting has made it an ideal filming location for famous productions including Harry Potter, Downton Abbey, and Transformers.
There are plenty of things to see and do at Alnwick Castle if you’re a movie lover. Why not test your wizard skills with broomstick training or become a hero on our dragon quest?
For those looking to immerse themselves in the history of the castle on their visit, take a look at our what’s on guide and book your tickets to join us inside the castle walls when we have one of our historic experience events taking place. From medieval falconry displays, longbow archery demonstrations, to medieval living history encampments, family friendly interactive shows with our resident jester or medieval musical performances, there are so many events that celebrate and share with visitors the rich history of Alnwick Castle.
Immerse yourself in the history of Alnwick Castle
Whether you’re a castle fanatic, a history buff, or a film lover, you’ll always have an exciting and enjoyable experience waiting for you here at Alnwick Castle, so make sure to plan your visit.
Book your tickets to Alnwick Castle today and immerse yourself in the rich medieval castle history it holds. Don't forget to join one of our castle tours and talks during your visit, and check out our events schedule to ensure a jam-packed, educational day.